ALGAZI, YOM TOV BEN ISRAEL JACOB
- ALGAZI, YOM TOV BEN ISRAEL JACOB
- ALGAZI, YOM TOV BEN ISRAEL JACOB (1727–1802), kabbalist and
halakhist. He studied with his father and was a close friend of
Ḥ.J.D. Azulai . Both studied under R. jonah navon and R.
shalom sharabi . Algazi was a member of the Ahavat Shalom group of
kabbalists and signed its articles of association in 1754, 1758, and
1759. He was a member of bet ha-midrash Neveh Shalom and of
Bet El. R. Shalom Sharabi succeeded Algazi's father as head of the
kabbalists' yeshivah, but Yom Tov Algazi administered it. Following R.
Sharabi's death in 1782 he was elected rabbi and dayyan and
in c. 1777 he became rishon le-Zion. The period of his office
was a difficult one for the Jews of Jerusalem who were vexed by the
authorities. Algazi's leadership, influence, and fame in the Diaspora
were of help to the community. In 1764 he accompanied R. Abraham b.
Asher and Ḥ.J.D. Azulai on a mission, on behalf of the Pekidei Ereẓ
Israel be-Kushta ("Agents for Ereẓ Israel in Constantinople"). From 1770
to 1775 he was sent on other missions from Jerusalem to Constantinople,
Adrianople, and Belgrade. He traveled in Italy, France, Holland,
Germany, and Poland and returned to Jerusalem (1777) via Italy and
Smyrna. He appointed his son Jacob a parnas of the Hebron
community (1787). As the debts of the Hebron community increased, Algazi
and his son endured a most difficult period (1793–95). Both father and
son were in danger of imprisonment. Creditors became violent and Jacob
Algazi was badly beaten up. In the month of Elul 1795, Algazi went to
Constantinople and within three months collected a large sum of money
for Hebron; he also conducted a large collection in Smyrna and Salonika.
However, before he returned to Jerusalem, his son died (1796) from the
blows which he had received. His works are distinguished by their
sharpness and depth. They are Hilkhot Yom Tov, printed with
the Vilna Talmud, on Hilkhot Bekhorot ve-Ḥallah by
Naḥmanides , which he found in a manuscript in Italy (1795);
Simḥat Yom Tov, responsa (1794); Kedushat Yom Tov,
responsa and sermons (1843); Get Mekushar, studies on the
marriage contract, in Ne'ot Ya'akov (1767), 24–79.
-BIBLIOGRAPHY:
A. Rivlin, in: Zion, 5 (1933), 131–40, supplement; Ya'ari,
Sheluḥei, 535–40; M. Benayahu, Rabbi Ḥ.Y.D. Azulai (Heb.,
1959), 353–4.
Encyclopedia Judaica.
1971.
Look at other dictionaries:
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